Introduction to 3D Game …ogramming with DirectX 12/Introduction-to-3D-Game-Programming-with-DirectX-12.ISO/Code.Textures/Chapter 14 The Tessellation Stages/BasicTessellation/BasicTessellationApp.cpp

C/C++ Source or Header | 2016-03-02 | 29.7 KB | 817 lines

//***************************************************************************************
// BasicTessellationApp.cpp by Frank Luna (C) 2015 All Rights Reserved.
//***************************************************************************************

#include "../../Common/d3dApp.h"
#include "../../Common/MathHelper.h"
#include "../../Common/UploadBuffer.h"
#include "../../Common/GeometryGenerator.h"
#include "FrameResource.h"

using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
using namespace DirectX;
using namespace DirectX::PackedVector;

#pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D3D12.lib")

const int gNumFrameResources = 3;

// Lightweight structure stores parameters to draw a shape.  This will
// vary from app-to-app.
struct RenderItem
{
    RenderItem() = default;

    // World matrix of the shape that describes the object's local space
    // relative to the world space, which defines the position, orientation,
    // and scale of the object in the world.
    XMFLOAT4X4 World = MathHelper::Identity4x4();

    XMFLOAT4X4 TexTransform = MathHelper::Identity4x4();

    // Dirty flag indicating the object data has changed and we need to update the constant buffer.
    // Because we have an object cbuffer for each FrameResource, we have to apply the
    // update to each FrameResource.  Thus, when we modify obect data we should set
    // NumFramesDirty = gNumFrameResources so that each frame resource gets the update.
    int NumFramesDirty = gNumFrameResources;

    // Index into GPU constant buffer corresponding to the ObjectCB for this render item.
    UINT ObjCBIndex = -1;

    Material* Mat = nullptr;
    MeshGeometry* Geo = nullptr;

    // Primitive topology.
    D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY PrimitiveType = D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST;

    // DrawIndexedInstanced parameters.
    UINT IndexCount = 0;
    UINT StartIndexLocation = 0;
    int BaseVertexLocation = 0;
};

enum class RenderLayer : int
{
    Opaque = 0,
    Count
};

class BasicTessellationApp : public D3DApp
{
public:
    BasicTessellationApp(HINSTANCE hInstance);
    BasicTessellationApp(const BasicTessellationApp& rhs) = delete;
    BasicTessellationApp& operator=(const BasicTessellationApp& rhs) = delete;
    ~BasicTessellationApp();

    virtual bool Initialize()override;

private:
    virtual void OnResize()override;
    virtual void Update(const GameTimer& gt)override;
    virtual void Draw(const GameTimer& gt)override;

    virtual void OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)override;
    virtual void OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)override;
    virtual void OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)override;

    void OnKeyboardInput(const GameTimer& gt);
    void UpdateCamera(const GameTimer& gt);
    void AnimateMaterials(const GameTimer& gt);
    void UpdateObjectCBs(const GameTimer& gt);
    void UpdateMaterialCBs(const GameTimer& gt);
    void UpdateMainPassCB(const GameTimer& gt);

    void LoadTextures();
    void BuildRootSignature();
    void BuildDescriptorHeaps();
    void BuildShadersAndInputLayout();
    void BuildQuadPatchGeometry();
    void BuildPSOs();
    void BuildFrameResources();
    void BuildMaterials();
    void BuildRenderItems();
    void DrawRenderItems(ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* cmdList, const std::vector<RenderItem*>& ritems);

    std::array<const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC, 6> GetStaticSamplers();

private:

    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FrameResource>> mFrameResources;
    FrameResource* mCurrFrameResource = nullptr;
    int mCurrFrameResourceIndex = 0;

    UINT mCbvSrvDescriptorSize = 0;

    ComPtr<ID3D12RootSignature> mRootSignature = nullptr;

    ComPtr<ID3D12DescriptorHeap> mSrvDescriptorHeap = nullptr;

    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<MeshGeometry>> mGeometries;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<Material>> mMaterials;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<Texture>> mTextures;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, ComPtr<ID3DBlob>> mShaders;
    std::unordered_map<std::string, ComPtr<ID3D12PipelineState>> mPSOs;

    std::vector<D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC> mInputLayout;

    // Cache render items of interest.
    RenderItem* mSkullRitem = nullptr;
    RenderItem* mReflectedSkullRitem = nullptr;
    RenderItem* mShadowedSkullRitem = nullptr;

    // List of all the render items.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RenderItem>> mAllRitems;

    // Render items divided by PSO.
    std::vector<RenderItem*> mRitemLayer[(int)RenderLayer::Count];

    PassConstants mMainPassCB;
    PassConstants mReflectedPassCB;

    XMFLOAT3 mSkullTranslation = { 0.0f, 1.0f, -5.0f };

    XMFLOAT3 mEyePos = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
    XMFLOAT4X4 mView = MathHelper::Identity4x4();
    XMFLOAT4X4 mProj = MathHelper::Identity4x4();

    float mTheta = 1.24f*XM_PI;
    float mPhi = 0.42f*XM_PI;
    float mRadius = 12.0f;

    POINT mLastMousePos;
};

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance,
    PSTR cmdLine, int showCmd)
{
    // Enable run-time memory check for debug builds.
#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)
    _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF);
#endif

    try
    {
        BasicTessellationApp theApp(hInstance);
        if(!theApp.Initialize())
            return 0;

        return theApp.Run();
    }
    catch(DxException& e)
    {
        MessageBox(nullptr, e.ToString().c_str(), L"HR Failed", MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }
}

BasicTessellationApp::BasicTessellationApp(HINSTANCE hInstance)
    : D3DApp(hInstance)
{
}

BasicTessellationApp::~BasicTessellationApp()
{
    if(md3dDevice != nullptr)
        FlushCommandQueue();
}

bool BasicTessellationApp::Initialize()
{
    if(!D3DApp::Initialize())
        return false;

    // Reset the command list to prep for initialization commands.
    ThrowIfFailed(mCommandList->Reset(mDirectCmdListAlloc.Get(), nullptr));

    // Get the increment size of a descriptor in this heap type.  This is hardware specific,
    // so we have to query this information.
    mCbvSrvDescriptorSize = md3dDevice->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV);

    LoadTextures();
    BuildRootSignature();
    BuildDescriptorHeaps();
    BuildShadersAndInputLayout();
    BuildQuadPatchGeometry();
    BuildMaterials();
    BuildRenderItems();
    BuildFrameResources();
    BuildPSOs();

    // Execute the initialization commands.
    ThrowIfFailed(mCommandList->Close());
    ID3D12CommandList* cmdsLists[] = { mCommandList.Get() };
    mCommandQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(_countof(cmdsLists), cmdsLists);

    // Wait until initialization is complete.
    FlushCommandQueue();

    return true;
}

void BasicTessellationApp::OnResize()
{
    D3DApp::OnResize();

    // The window resized, so update the aspect ratio and recompute the projection matrix.
    XMMATRIX P = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(0.25f*MathHelper::Pi, AspectRatio(), 1.0f, 1000.0f);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mProj, P);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::Update(const GameTimer& gt)
{
    OnKeyboardInput(gt);
    UpdateCamera(gt);

    // Cycle through the circular frame resource array.
    mCurrFrameResourceIndex = (mCurrFrameResourceIndex + 1) % gNumFrameResources;
    mCurrFrameResource = mFrameResources[mCurrFrameResourceIndex].get();

    // Has the GPU finished processing the commands of the current frame resource?
    // If not, wait until the GPU has completed commands up to this fence point.
    if(mCurrFrameResource->Fence != 0 && mFence->GetCompletedValue() < mCurrFrameResource->Fence)
    {
        HANDLE eventHandle = CreateEventEx(nullptr, false, false, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS);
        ThrowIfFailed(mFence->SetEventOnCompletion(mCurrFrameResource->Fence, eventHandle));
        WaitForSingleObject(eventHandle, INFINITE);
        CloseHandle(eventHandle);
    }

    AnimateMaterials(gt);
    UpdateObjectCBs(gt);
    UpdateMaterialCBs(gt);
    UpdateMainPassCB(gt);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::Draw(const GameTimer& gt)
{
    auto cmdListAlloc = mCurrFrameResource->CmdListAlloc;

    // Reuse the memory associated with command recording.
    // We can only reset when the associated command lists have finished execution on the GPU.
    ThrowIfFailed(cmdListAlloc->Reset());

    // A command list can be reset after it has been added to the command queue via ExecuteCommandList.
    // Reusing the command list reuses memory.
    ThrowIfFailed(mCommandList->Reset(cmdListAlloc.Get(), mPSOs["opaque"].Get()));

    mCommandList->RSSetViewports(1, &mScreenViewport);
    mCommandList->RSSetScissorRects(1, &mScissorRect);

    // Indicate a state transition on the resource usage.
    mCommandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Transition(CurrentBackBuffer(),
        D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET));

    // Clear the back buffer and depth buffer.
    mCommandList->ClearRenderTargetView(CurrentBackBufferView(), (float*)&mMainPassCB.FogColor, 0, nullptr);
    mCommandList->ClearDepthStencilView(DepthStencilView(), D3D12_CLEAR_FLAG_DEPTH | D3D12_CLEAR_FLAG_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0, 0, nullptr);

    // Specify the buffers we are going to render to.
    mCommandList->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &CurrentBackBufferView(), true, &DepthStencilView());

    ID3D12DescriptorHeap* descriptorHeaps[] = { mSrvDescriptorHeap.Get() };
    mCommandList->SetDescriptorHeaps(_countof(descriptorHeaps), descriptorHeaps);

    mCommandList->SetGraphicsRootSignature(mRootSignature.Get());

    UINT passCBByteSize = d3dUtil::CalcConstantBufferByteSize(sizeof(PassConstants));

    auto passCB = mCurrFrameResource->PassCB->Resource();
    mCommandList->SetGraphicsRootConstantBufferView(2, passCB->GetGPUVirtualAddress());

    DrawRenderItems(mCommandList.Get(), mRitemLayer[(int)RenderLayer::Opaque]);

    // Indicate a state transition on the resource usage.
    mCommandList->ResourceBarrier(1, &CD3DX12_RESOURCE_BARRIER::Transition(CurrentBackBuffer(),
        D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT));

    // Done recording commands.
    ThrowIfFailed(mCommandList->Close());

    // Add the command list to the queue for execution.
    ID3D12CommandList* cmdsLists[] = { mCommandList.Get() };
    mCommandQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(_countof(cmdsLists), cmdsLists);

    // Swap the back and front buffers
    ThrowIfFailed(mSwapChain->Present(0, 0));
    mCurrBackBuffer = (mCurrBackBuffer + 1) % SwapChainBufferCount;

    // Advance the fence value to mark commands up to this fence point.
    mCurrFrameResource->Fence = ++mCurrentFence;

    // Add an instruction to the command queue to set a new fence point.
    // Because we are on the GPU timeline, the new fence point won't be
    // set until the GPU finishes processing all the commands prior to this Signal().
    mCommandQueue->Signal(mFence.Get(), mCurrentFence);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::OnMouseDown(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)
{
    mLastMousePos.x = x;
    mLastMousePos.y = y;

    SetCapture(mhMainWnd);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::OnMouseUp(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)
{
    ReleaseCapture();
}

void BasicTessellationApp::OnMouseMove(WPARAM btnState, int x, int y)
{
    if((btnState & MK_LBUTTON) != 0)
    {
        // Make each pixel correspond to a quarter of a degree.
        float dx = XMConvertToRadians(0.25f*static_cast<float>(x - mLastMousePos.x));
        float dy = XMConvertToRadians(0.25f*static_cast<float>(y - mLastMousePos.y));

        // Update angles based on input to orbit camera around box.
        mTheta += dx;
        mPhi += dy;

        // Restrict the angle mPhi.
        mPhi = MathHelper::Clamp(mPhi, 0.1f, MathHelper::Pi - 0.1f);
    }
    else if((btnState & MK_RBUTTON) != 0)
    {
        // Make each pixel correspond to 0.2 unit in the scene.
        float dx = 0.2f*static_cast<float>(x - mLastMousePos.x);
        float dy = 0.2f*static_cast<float>(y - mLastMousePos.y);

        // Update the camera radius based on input.
        mRadius += dx - dy;

        // Restrict the radius.
        mRadius = MathHelper::Clamp(mRadius, 5.0f, 150.0f);
    }

    mLastMousePos.x = x;
    mLastMousePos.y = y;
}

void BasicTessellationApp::OnKeyboardInput(const GameTimer& gt)
{
}

void BasicTessellationApp::UpdateCamera(const GameTimer& gt)
{
    // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates.
    mEyePos.x = mRadius*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta);
    mEyePos.z = mRadius*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta);
    mEyePos.y = mRadius*cosf(mPhi);

    // Build the view matrix.
    XMVECTOR pos = XMVectorSet(mEyePos.x, mEyePos.y, mEyePos.z, 1.0f);
    XMVECTOR target = XMVectorZero();
    XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

    XMMATRIX view = XMMatrixLookAtLH(pos, target, up);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mView, view);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::AnimateMaterials(const GameTimer& gt)
{

}

void BasicTessellationApp::UpdateObjectCBs(const GameTimer& gt)
{
    auto currObjectCB = mCurrFrameResource->ObjectCB.get();
    for(auto& e : mAllRitems)
    {
        // Only update the cbuffer data if the constants have changed.
        // This needs to be tracked per frame resource.
        if(e->NumFramesDirty > 0)
        {
            XMMATRIX world = XMLoadFloat4x4(&e->World);
            XMMATRIX texTransform = XMLoadFloat4x4(&e->TexTransform);

            ObjectConstants objConstants;
            XMStoreFloat4x4(&objConstants.World, XMMatrixTranspose(world));
            XMStoreFloat4x4(&objConstants.TexTransform, XMMatrixTranspose(texTransform));

            currObjectCB->CopyData(e->ObjCBIndex, objConstants);

            // Next FrameResource need to be updated too.
            e->NumFramesDirty--;
        }
    }
}

void BasicTessellationApp::UpdateMaterialCBs(const GameTimer& gt)
{
    auto currMaterialCB = mCurrFrameResource->MaterialCB.get();
    for(auto& e : mMaterials)
    {
        // Only update the cbuffer data if the constants have changed.  If the cbuffer
        // data changes, it needs to be updated for each FrameResource.
        Material* mat = e.second.get();
        if(mat->NumFramesDirty > 0)
        {
            XMMATRIX matTransform = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mat->MatTransform);

            MaterialConstants matConstants;
            matConstants.DiffuseAlbedo = mat->DiffuseAlbedo;
            matConstants.FresnelR0 = mat->FresnelR0;
            matConstants.Roughness = mat->Roughness;
            XMStoreFloat4x4(&matConstants.MatTransform, XMMatrixTranspose(matTransform));

            currMaterialCB->CopyData(mat->MatCBIndex, matConstants);

            // Next FrameResource need to be updated too.
            mat->NumFramesDirty--;
        }
    }
}

void BasicTessellationApp::UpdateMainPassCB(const GameTimer& gt)
{
    XMMATRIX view = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mView);
    XMMATRIX proj = XMLoadFloat4x4(&mProj);

    XMMATRIX viewProj = XMMatrixMultiply(view, proj);
    XMMATRIX invView = XMMatrixInverse(&XMMatrixDeterminant(view), view);
    XMMATRIX invProj = XMMatrixInverse(&XMMatrixDeterminant(proj), proj);
    XMMATRIX invViewProj = XMMatrixInverse(&XMMatrixDeterminant(viewProj), viewProj);

    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mMainPassCB.View, XMMatrixTranspose(view));
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mMainPassCB.InvView, XMMatrixTranspose(invView));
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mMainPassCB.Proj, XMMatrixTranspose(proj));
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mMainPassCB.InvProj, XMMatrixTranspose(invProj));
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mMainPassCB.ViewProj, XMMatrixTranspose(viewProj));
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&mMainPassCB.InvViewProj, XMMatrixTranspose(invViewProj));
    mMainPassCB.EyePosW = mEyePos;
    mMainPassCB.RenderTargetSize = XMFLOAT2((float)mClientWidth, (float)mClientHeight);
    mMainPassCB.InvRenderTargetSize = XMFLOAT2(1.0f / mClientWidth, 1.0f / mClientHeight);
    mMainPassCB.NearZ = 1.0f;
    mMainPassCB.FarZ = 1000.0f;
    mMainPassCB.TotalTime = gt.TotalTime();
    mMainPassCB.DeltaTime = gt.DeltaTime();
    mMainPassCB.AmbientLight = { 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.35f, 1.0f };
    mMainPassCB.Lights[0].Direction = { 0.57735f, -0.57735f, 0.57735f };
    mMainPassCB.Lights[0].Strength = { 0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f };
    mMainPassCB.Lights[1].Direction = { -0.57735f, -0.57735f, 0.57735f };
    mMainPassCB.Lights[1].Strength = { 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f };
    mMainPassCB.Lights[2].Direction = { 0.0f, -0.707f, -0.707f };
    mMainPassCB.Lights[2].Strength = { 0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f };

    // Main pass stored in index 2
    auto currPassCB = mCurrFrameResource->PassCB.get();
    currPassCB->CopyData(0, mMainPassCB);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::LoadTextures()
{
    auto bricksTex = std::make_unique<Texture>();
    bricksTex->Name = "bricksTex";
    bricksTex->Filename = L"../../Textures/bricks.dds";
    ThrowIfFailed(DirectX::CreateDDSTextureFromFile12(md3dDevice.Get(),
        mCommandList.Get(), bricksTex->Filename.c_str(),
        bricksTex->Resource, bricksTex->UploadHeap));

    auto checkboardTex = std::make_unique<Texture>();
    checkboardTex->Name = "checkboardTex";
    checkboardTex->Filename = L"../../Textures/checkboard.dds";
    ThrowIfFailed(DirectX::CreateDDSTextureFromFile12(md3dDevice.Get(),
        mCommandList.Get(), checkboardTex->Filename.c_str(),
        checkboardTex->Resource, checkboardTex->UploadHeap));

    auto iceTex = std::make_unique<Texture>();
    iceTex->Name = "iceTex";
    iceTex->Filename = L"../../Textures/ice.dds";
    ThrowIfFailed(DirectX::CreateDDSTextureFromFile12(md3dDevice.Get(),
        mCommandList.Get(), iceTex->Filename.c_str(),
        iceTex->Resource, iceTex->UploadHeap));

    auto white1x1Tex = std::make_unique<Texture>();
    white1x1Tex->Name = "white1x1Tex";
    white1x1Tex->Filename = L"../../Textures/white1x1.dds";
    ThrowIfFailed(DirectX::CreateDDSTextureFromFile12(md3dDevice.Get(),
        mCommandList.Get(), white1x1Tex->Filename.c_str(),
        white1x1Tex->Resource, white1x1Tex->UploadHeap));

    mTextures[bricksTex->Name] = std::move(bricksTex);
    mTextures[checkboardTex->Name] = std::move(checkboardTex);
    mTextures[iceTex->Name] = std::move(iceTex);
    mTextures[white1x1Tex->Name] = std::move(white1x1Tex);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildRootSignature()
{
    CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE texTable;
    texTable.Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 0);

    // Root parameter can be a table, root descriptor or root constants.
    CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER slotRootParameter[4];

    // Perfomance TIP: Order from most frequent to least frequent.
    slotRootParameter[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &texTable, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);
    slotRootParameter[1].InitAsConstantBufferView(0);
    slotRootParameter[2].InitAsConstantBufferView(1);
    slotRootParameter[3].InitAsConstantBufferView(2);

    auto staticSamplers = GetStaticSamplers();

    // A root signature is an array of root parameters.
    CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSigDesc(4, slotRootParameter,
        (UINT)staticSamplers.size(), staticSamplers.data(),
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

    // create a root signature with a single slot which points to a descriptor range consisting of a single constant buffer
    ComPtr<ID3DBlob> serializedRootSig = nullptr;
    ComPtr<ID3DBlob> errorBlob = nullptr;
    HRESULT hr = D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSigDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1,
        serializedRootSig.GetAddressOf(), errorBlob.GetAddressOf());

    if(errorBlob != nullptr)
    {
        ::OutputDebugStringA((char*)errorBlob->GetBufferPointer());
    }
    ThrowIfFailed(hr);

    ThrowIfFailed(md3dDevice->CreateRootSignature(
        0,
        serializedRootSig->GetBufferPointer(),
        serializedRootSig->GetBufferSize(),
        IID_PPV_ARGS(mRootSignature.GetAddressOf())));
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildDescriptorHeaps()
{
    //
    // Create the SRV heap.
    //
    D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC srvHeapDesc = {};
    srvHeapDesc.NumDescriptors = 4;
    srvHeapDesc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV;
    srvHeapDesc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_SHADER_VISIBLE;
    ThrowIfFailed(md3dDevice->CreateDescriptorHeap(&srvHeapDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&mSrvDescriptorHeap)));

    //
    // Fill out the heap with actual descriptors.
    //
    CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE hDescriptor(mSrvDescriptorHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart());

    auto bricksTex = mTextures["bricksTex"]->Resource;
    auto checkboardTex = mTextures["checkboardTex"]->Resource;
    auto iceTex = mTextures["iceTex"]->Resource;
    auto white1x1Tex = mTextures["white1x1Tex"]->Resource;

    D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvDesc = {};
    srvDesc.Shader4ComponentMapping = D3D12_DEFAULT_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING;
    srvDesc.Format = bricksTex->GetDesc().Format;
    srvDesc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    srvDesc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
    srvDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = -1;
    md3dDevice->CreateShaderResourceView(bricksTex.Get(), &srvDesc, hDescriptor);

    // next descriptor
    hDescriptor.Offset(1, mCbvSrvDescriptorSize);

    srvDesc.Format = checkboardTex->GetDesc().Format;
    md3dDevice->CreateShaderResourceView(checkboardTex.Get(), &srvDesc, hDescriptor);

    // next descriptor
    hDescriptor.Offset(1, mCbvSrvDescriptorSize);

    srvDesc.Format = iceTex->GetDesc().Format;
    md3dDevice->CreateShaderResourceView(iceTex.Get(), &srvDesc, hDescriptor);

    // next descriptor
    hDescriptor.Offset(1, mCbvSrvDescriptorSize);

    srvDesc.Format = white1x1Tex->GetDesc().Format;
    md3dDevice->CreateShaderResourceView(white1x1Tex.Get(), &srvDesc, hDescriptor);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildShadersAndInputLayout()
{
    mShaders["tessVS"] = d3dUtil::CompileShader(L"Shaders\\Tessellation.hlsl", nullptr, "VS", "vs_5_0");
    mShaders["tessHS"] = d3dUtil::CompileShader(L"Shaders\\Tessellation.hlsl", nullptr, "HS", "hs_5_0");
    mShaders["tessDS"] = d3dUtil::CompileShader(L"Shaders\\Tessellation.hlsl", nullptr, "DS", "ds_5_0");
    mShaders["tessPS"] = d3dUtil::CompileShader(L"Shaders\\Tessellation.hlsl", nullptr, "PS", "ps_5_0");

    mInputLayout =
    {
        { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }
    };
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildQuadPatchGeometry()
{
    std::array<XMFLOAT3,4> vertices =
    {
        XMFLOAT3(-10.0f, 0.0f, +10.0f),
        XMFLOAT3(+10.0f, 0.0f, +10.0f),
        XMFLOAT3(-10.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f),
        XMFLOAT3(+10.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f)
    };

    std::array<std::int16_t, 4> indices = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };

    const UINT vbByteSize = (UINT)vertices.size() * sizeof(Vertex);
    const UINT ibByteSize = (UINT)indices.size() * sizeof(std::uint16_t);

    auto geo = std::make_unique<MeshGeometry>();
    geo->Name = "quadpatchGeo";

    ThrowIfFailed(D3DCreateBlob(vbByteSize, &geo->VertexBufferCPU));
    CopyMemory(geo->VertexBufferCPU->GetBufferPointer(), vertices.data(), vbByteSize);

    ThrowIfFailed(D3DCreateBlob(ibByteSize, &geo->IndexBufferCPU));
    CopyMemory(geo->IndexBufferCPU->GetBufferPointer(), indices.data(), ibByteSize);

    geo->VertexBufferGPU = d3dUtil::CreateDefaultBuffer(md3dDevice.Get(),
        mCommandList.Get(), vertices.data(), vbByteSize, geo->VertexBufferUploader);

    geo->IndexBufferGPU = d3dUtil::CreateDefaultBuffer(md3dDevice.Get(),
        mCommandList.Get(), indices.data(), ibByteSize, geo->IndexBufferUploader);

    geo->VertexByteStride = sizeof(XMFLOAT3);
    geo->VertexBufferByteSize = vbByteSize;
    geo->IndexFormat = DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT;
    geo->IndexBufferByteSize = ibByteSize;

    SubmeshGeometry quadSubmesh;
    quadSubmesh.IndexCount = 4;
    quadSubmesh.StartIndexLocation = 0;
    quadSubmesh.BaseVertexLocation = 0;

    geo->DrawArgs["quadpatch"] = quadSubmesh;

    mGeometries[geo->Name] = std::move(geo);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildPSOs()
{
    D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC opaquePsoDesc;

    //
    // PSO for opaque objects.
    //
    ZeroMemory(&opaquePsoDesc, sizeof(D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC));
    opaquePsoDesc.InputLayout = { mInputLayout.data(), (UINT)mInputLayout.size() };
    opaquePsoDesc.pRootSignature = mRootSignature.Get();
    opaquePsoDesc.VS =
    {
        reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(mShaders["tessVS"]->GetBufferPointer()),
        mShaders["tessVS"]->GetBufferSize()
    };
    opaquePsoDesc.HS =
    {
        reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(mShaders["tessHS"]->GetBufferPointer()),
        mShaders["tessHS"]->GetBufferSize()
    };
    opaquePsoDesc.DS =
    {
        reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(mShaders["tessDS"]->GetBufferPointer()),
        mShaders["tessDS"]->GetBufferSize()
    };
    opaquePsoDesc.PS =
    {
        reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(mShaders["tessPS"]->GetBufferPointer()),
        mShaders["tessPS"]->GetBufferSize()
    };
    opaquePsoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
    opaquePsoDesc.RasterizerState.FillMode = D3D12_FILL_MODE_WIREFRAME;
    opaquePsoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
    opaquePsoDesc.DepthStencilState = CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
    opaquePsoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
    opaquePsoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_PATCH;
    opaquePsoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
    opaquePsoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = mBackBufferFormat;
    opaquePsoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = m4xMsaaState ? 4 : 1;
    opaquePsoDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = m4xMsaaState ? (m4xMsaaQuality - 1) : 0;
    opaquePsoDesc.DSVFormat = mDepthStencilFormat;
    ThrowIfFailed(md3dDevice->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&opaquePsoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&mPSOs["opaque"])));
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildFrameResources()
{
    for(int i = 0; i < gNumFrameResources; ++i)
    {
        mFrameResources.push_back(std::make_unique<FrameResource>(md3dDevice.Get(),
            2, (UINT)mAllRitems.size(), (UINT)mMaterials.size()));
    }
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildMaterials()
{
    auto whiteMat = std::make_unique<Material>();
    whiteMat->Name = "quadMat";
    whiteMat->MatCBIndex = 0;
    whiteMat->DiffuseSrvHeapIndex = 3;
    whiteMat->DiffuseAlbedo = XMFLOAT4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    whiteMat->FresnelR0 = XMFLOAT3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
    whiteMat->Roughness = 0.5f;

    mMaterials["whiteMat"] = std::move(whiteMat);
}

void BasicTessellationApp::BuildRenderItems()
{
    auto quadPatchRitem = std::make_unique<RenderItem>();
    quadPatchRitem->World = MathHelper::Identity4x4();
    quadPatchRitem->TexTransform = MathHelper::Identity4x4();
    quadPatchRitem->ObjCBIndex = 0;
    quadPatchRitem->Mat = mMaterials["whiteMat"].get();
    quadPatchRitem->Geo = mGeometries["quadpatchGeo"].get();
    quadPatchRitem->PrimitiveType = D3D_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_4_CONTROL_POINT_PATCHLIST;
    quadPatchRitem->IndexCount = quadPatchRitem->Geo->DrawArgs["quadpatch"].IndexCount;
    quadPatchRitem->StartIndexLocation = quadPatchRitem->Geo->DrawArgs["quadpatch"].StartIndexLocation;
    quadPatchRitem->BaseVertexLocation = quadPatchRitem->Geo->DrawArgs["quadpatch"].BaseVertexLocation;
    mRitemLayer[(int)RenderLayer::Opaque].push_back(quadPatchRitem.get());

    mAllRitems.push_back(std::move(quadPatchRitem));
}

void BasicTessellationApp::DrawRenderItems(ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* cmdList, const std::vector<RenderItem*>& ritems)
{
    UINT objCBByteSize = d3dUtil::CalcConstantBufferByteSize(sizeof(ObjectConstants));
    UINT matCBByteSize = d3dUtil::CalcConstantBufferByteSize(sizeof(MaterialConstants));

    auto objectCB = mCurrFrameResource->ObjectCB->Resource();
    auto matCB = mCurrFrameResource->MaterialCB->Resource();

    // For each render item...
    for(size_t i = 0; i < ritems.size(); ++i)
    {
        auto ri = ritems[i];

        cmdList->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &ri->Geo->VertexBufferView());
        cmdList->IASetIndexBuffer(&ri->Geo->IndexBufferView());
        cmdList->IASetPrimitiveTopology(ri->PrimitiveType);

        CD3DX12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE tex(mSrvDescriptorHeap->GetGPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart());
        tex.Offset(ri->Mat->DiffuseSrvHeapIndex, mCbvSrvDescriptorSize);

        D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS objCBAddress = objectCB->GetGPUVirtualAddress() + ri->ObjCBIndex*objCBByteSize;
        D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS matCBAddress = matCB->GetGPUVirtualAddress() + ri->Mat->MatCBIndex*matCBByteSize;

        cmdList->SetGraphicsRootDescriptorTable(0, tex);
        cmdList->SetGraphicsRootConstantBufferView(1, objCBAddress);
        cmdList->SetGraphicsRootConstantBufferView(3, matCBAddress);

        cmdList->DrawIndexedInstanced(ri->IndexCount, 1, ri->StartIndexLocation, ri->BaseVertexLocation, 0);
    }
}

std::array<const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC, 6> BasicTessellationApp::GetStaticSamplers()
{
    // Applications usually only need a handful of samplers.  So just define them all up front
    // and keep them available as part of the root signature.

    const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC pointWrap(
        0, // shaderRegister
        D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_POINT, // filter
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressU
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressV
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP); // addressW

    const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC pointClamp(
        1, // shaderRegister
        D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_POINT, // filter
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressU
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressV
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP); // addressW

    const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC linearWrap(
        2, // shaderRegister
        D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR, // filter
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressU
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressV
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP); // addressW

    const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC linearClamp(
        3, // shaderRegister
        D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR, // filter
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressU
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressV
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP); // addressW

    const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC anisotropicWrap(
        4, // shaderRegister
        D3D12_FILTER_ANISOTROPIC, // filter
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressU
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressV
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_WRAP,  // addressW
        0.0f,                             // mipLODBias
        8);                               // maxAnisotropy

    const CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC anisotropicClamp(
        5, // shaderRegister
        D3D12_FILTER_ANISOTROPIC, // filter
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressU
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressV
        D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,  // addressW
        0.0f,                              // mipLODBias
        8);                                // maxAnisotropy

    return {
        pointWrap, pointClamp,
        linearWrap, linearClamp,
        anisotropicWrap, anisotropicClamp };
}